Teruyuki Minoura, Toyota managing director who learned TPS directly from taiichi-ohno and provided some of the most insightful published accounts of TPS philosophy. His "Thinking Production System" speech (2003) is one of the most valued TPS practitioner accounts because it conveys the spirit of TPS — not just the techniques but the thinking behind them — from someone who experienced Ohno's teaching firsthand. Minoura emphasizes that TPS is fundamentally about developing people's problem-solving capability, not about implementing tools. His description of Ohno's teaching method — asking questions rather than providing answers, forcing managers to go to the gemba and observe, never accepting an answer without evidence — captures the pedagogical philosophy that made TPS self-sustaining at Toyota.