Liker's comprehensive account of Toyota's management principles. Provides important context for understanding what Reinertsen builds on and critiques. Reinertsen's "second generation lean" argument in principles-of-product-development-flow is partly a response to practitioners who mechanically applied Toyota manufacturing practices to product development without the economic-framework-for-prioritization that Reinertsen argues is essential. taiichi-ohno's system, as documented by Liker, is the manufacturing foundation Reinertsen both builds on and transcends.