A recording of mary-poppendieck's Agile 2007 keynote on InfoQ. In this 90-minute talk, Mary reviewed 20th-century management theories including Toyota and w-edwards-deming, discussed "the matrix problem," alignment, waste cutting, planning, and standards. This talk foreshadowed the themes of leading-lean-software-development-2009 and is a primary source for understanding the development of the learning-not-results thesis before its full articulation in the third book.