Shigeo Shingo (1909-1990), industrial engineer who alongside taiichi-ohno built the Toyota Production System into a complete manufacturing philosophy. While Ohno focused on flow and waste elimination, Shingo's contributions centered on error-proofing (poka-yoke) and rapid changeover (SMED — Single-Minute Exchange of Die). Shingo's work extended Deming's statistical-process-control-and-variation-theory in a radical direction: rather than detecting defects through sampling and control charts, design the process so defects cannot occur. This "source inspection" approach was a creative departure from — not a rejection of — Deming's methods. Shingo attended Deming's early JUSE courses and acknowledged the influence, but his engineering orientation led him toward physical mistake-proofing rather than statistical monitoring. His books "A Study of the Toyota Production System" (1981) and "Zero Quality Control" (1986) are foundational texts of lean manufacturing. Link to toyota-motor-corporation, toyota-production-system, lean-manufacturing, founding-of-the-deming-prize.