An early paper that reveals Deming's transition from pure statistician to management thinker. The title itself is the argument — statistical techniques in industry are management's responsibility, not the statistician's. This reframes quality from a technical problem (hire better statisticians) to a management problem (create conditions where statistical methods can work). Written just three years after his transformative JUSE lectures in Japan, this paper applies the lessons of the Japanese experience to American industry. The insight that quality is a management responsibility, not a shop-floor responsibility, would become central to the 14 Points and management-responsibility-for-quality. Free full PDF from Deming Institute.